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    Cell Signaling Technology Inc antibody against gsk3β
    Chronic unpredictable mild stress promotes depression-like behaviors and upregulates USP11 in mouse prefrontal cortex. (A) Schematic overview of the experimental timeline: male C57BL/6J mice underwent 1-week adaptation, followed by 4 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and subsequent behavioral tests. (B-E) SPT, OFT, FST, TST results in control (Ctrl) and CUMS groups (n = 8, SPT, Welch's t -test, p = 0.0204; OFT, p = 0.0101; FST, p = 0.0020; TST, p = 0.0078). (F) Western blot of p-mTOR (Ser2448) (289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), <t>p-GSK3β(Ser9)</t> (47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC tissue (n = 6). (G) Quantification of p-mTOR/t-mTOR <t>and</t> <t>p-GSK-3β/t-GSK-3β</t> ratios (p-mTOR, Welch's t -test, Pp= <t>0.0023;</t> <t>p-GSK-3β,</t> p = 0.0075). (H) Western blot of USP11 (110 kDa) and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC (n = 6). (I) Quantification of USP11 protein normalized to Tubulin (p = 0.002). (J) Representative immunofluorescence images for DAPI (blue, nuclear stain), USP11 (red), and merged panels in mPFC of control and CUMS mice. Scale bar: 50 μm. (K) Mean USP11 immunofluorescence intensity quantification (n = 3, p = 0.0142). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis used two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test unless otherwise indicated. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
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    1) Product Images from "USP11 drives stress-induced synaptic structural deficits and depression-like behaviors through GSK3β/mTOR signaling"

    Article Title: USP11 drives stress-induced synaptic structural deficits and depression-like behaviors through GSK3β/mTOR signaling

    Journal: Neurobiology of Stress

    doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2026.100791

    Chronic unpredictable mild stress promotes depression-like behaviors and upregulates USP11 in mouse prefrontal cortex. (A) Schematic overview of the experimental timeline: male C57BL/6J mice underwent 1-week adaptation, followed by 4 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and subsequent behavioral tests. (B-E) SPT, OFT, FST, TST results in control (Ctrl) and CUMS groups (n = 8, SPT, Welch's t -test, p = 0.0204; OFT, p = 0.0101; FST, p = 0.0020; TST, p = 0.0078). (F) Western blot of p-mTOR (Ser2448) (289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), p-GSK3β(Ser9) (47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC tissue (n = 6). (G) Quantification of p-mTOR/t-mTOR and p-GSK-3β/t-GSK-3β ratios (p-mTOR, Welch's t -test, Pp= 0.0023; p-GSK-3β, p = 0.0075). (H) Western blot of USP11 (110 kDa) and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC (n = 6). (I) Quantification of USP11 protein normalized to Tubulin (p = 0.002). (J) Representative immunofluorescence images for DAPI (blue, nuclear stain), USP11 (red), and merged panels in mPFC of control and CUMS mice. Scale bar: 50 μm. (K) Mean USP11 immunofluorescence intensity quantification (n = 3, p = 0.0142). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis used two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test unless otherwise indicated. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Chronic unpredictable mild stress promotes depression-like behaviors and upregulates USP11 in mouse prefrontal cortex. (A) Schematic overview of the experimental timeline: male C57BL/6J mice underwent 1-week adaptation, followed by 4 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and subsequent behavioral tests. (B-E) SPT, OFT, FST, TST results in control (Ctrl) and CUMS groups (n = 8, SPT, Welch's t -test, p = 0.0204; OFT, p = 0.0101; FST, p = 0.0020; TST, p = 0.0078). (F) Western blot of p-mTOR (Ser2448) (289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), p-GSK3β(Ser9) (47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC tissue (n = 6). (G) Quantification of p-mTOR/t-mTOR and p-GSK-3β/t-GSK-3β ratios (p-mTOR, Welch's t -test, Pp= 0.0023; p-GSK-3β, p = 0.0075). (H) Western blot of USP11 (110 kDa) and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC (n = 6). (I) Quantification of USP11 protein normalized to Tubulin (p = 0.002). (J) Representative immunofluorescence images for DAPI (blue, nuclear stain), USP11 (red), and merged panels in mPFC of control and CUMS mice. Scale bar: 50 μm. (K) Mean USP11 immunofluorescence intensity quantification (n = 3, p = 0.0142). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis used two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test unless otherwise indicated. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

    Techniques Used: Control, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Two Tailed Test

    USP11 directly interacts with GSK3β. (A) Volcano plot of proteins detected after USP11 immunoprecipitation from mouse mPFC. Log2 fold change (x-axis) shows enrichment versus control; log2 intensity (y-axis) reflects normalized quantitation in experimental samples. USP11 served as bait; GSK3β is highlighted as an interactor (log2 intensity USP11 = 22.9, log2FC = 2.38). (B) Immunoprecipitation (IP) with anti-USP11 antibody, immunoblot (IB) detection for USP11 (110 kDa) and GSK3β (47 kDa). IP with anti-GSK3β or anti-USP11 antibody. Input: whole lysate; IgG: isotype control. (C) Validation in HEK293T transfection system: lysates of vector control or Flag-USP11 transfected cells (Flag tag, 110 kDa) subjected to IP (anti-GSK3β), IB for anti-USP11. (D) Cell lysate analysis of HEK293T single His-GSK3β, single Flag-USP11, or co-transfected groups, immunoblotted for His-GSK3β (47 kDa) and Flag-USP11 (110 kDa). (E, F) Reciprocal Co-IP verification from HEK293T co-transfection. Immunoblot analysis for His and Flag tag in His-GSK3β, Flag-USP11, and co-transfected samples. (E) Lane 1: His-GSK3β group (IP-His), Lane 2: Flag-USP11 group (IP-Flag), Lane 3: Co-transfection (IP- His) (F) Lane 1: His -GSK3β group (IP- His), Lane 2: Flag-USP11 group (IP-Flag), Lane 3: Co-transfection (IP-Flag). (G) Dot blot analysis showing specific binding between USP11 and GSK3β. BSA (100/200/500 ng) served as negative control, and purified USP11 (100/200/500 ng) was spotted on the same nitrocellulose membrane. After incubation with GSK3β protein solution, binding was detected by fluorescence imaging. (H) Immunofluorescence analysis of co-localization: Exogenous expression in HEK293T cells demonstrates USP11 (red) and GSK3β (green); endogenous expression verified in primary neurons. Nuclei stained with DAPI (blue), scale bar = 25 μm. (I) Fluorescence intensity profiles along linear ROIs: Gray values of USP11 (red) and GSK3β (green) measured with ImageJ. Dual-channel curves plotted in GraphPad Prism using exported data. (J) Pearson's correlation scatter plots for USP11(red) and GSK3β(green) fluorescence, generated using ScatterJ plugin for ImageJ. Pearson's r value shown. (K) Schematic of Flag-tagged USP11 fragment constructs used for pulldown mapping. (L) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with Flag-USP11 or its deletion mutant and His- GSK3β, followed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis for Flag and His. (M) Computational molecular docking predicts multiple direct contact sites between USP11 and GSK3β.
    Figure Legend Snippet: USP11 directly interacts with GSK3β. (A) Volcano plot of proteins detected after USP11 immunoprecipitation from mouse mPFC. Log2 fold change (x-axis) shows enrichment versus control; log2 intensity (y-axis) reflects normalized quantitation in experimental samples. USP11 served as bait; GSK3β is highlighted as an interactor (log2 intensity USP11 = 22.9, log2FC = 2.38). (B) Immunoprecipitation (IP) with anti-USP11 antibody, immunoblot (IB) detection for USP11 (110 kDa) and GSK3β (47 kDa). IP with anti-GSK3β or anti-USP11 antibody. Input: whole lysate; IgG: isotype control. (C) Validation in HEK293T transfection system: lysates of vector control or Flag-USP11 transfected cells (Flag tag, 110 kDa) subjected to IP (anti-GSK3β), IB for anti-USP11. (D) Cell lysate analysis of HEK293T single His-GSK3β, single Flag-USP11, or co-transfected groups, immunoblotted for His-GSK3β (47 kDa) and Flag-USP11 (110 kDa). (E, F) Reciprocal Co-IP verification from HEK293T co-transfection. Immunoblot analysis for His and Flag tag in His-GSK3β, Flag-USP11, and co-transfected samples. (E) Lane 1: His-GSK3β group (IP-His), Lane 2: Flag-USP11 group (IP-Flag), Lane 3: Co-transfection (IP- His) (F) Lane 1: His -GSK3β group (IP- His), Lane 2: Flag-USP11 group (IP-Flag), Lane 3: Co-transfection (IP-Flag). (G) Dot blot analysis showing specific binding between USP11 and GSK3β. BSA (100/200/500 ng) served as negative control, and purified USP11 (100/200/500 ng) was spotted on the same nitrocellulose membrane. After incubation with GSK3β protein solution, binding was detected by fluorescence imaging. (H) Immunofluorescence analysis of co-localization: Exogenous expression in HEK293T cells demonstrates USP11 (red) and GSK3β (green); endogenous expression verified in primary neurons. Nuclei stained with DAPI (blue), scale bar = 25 μm. (I) Fluorescence intensity profiles along linear ROIs: Gray values of USP11 (red) and GSK3β (green) measured with ImageJ. Dual-channel curves plotted in GraphPad Prism using exported data. (J) Pearson's correlation scatter plots for USP11(red) and GSK3β(green) fluorescence, generated using ScatterJ plugin for ImageJ. Pearson's r value shown. (K) Schematic of Flag-tagged USP11 fragment constructs used for pulldown mapping. (L) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with Flag-USP11 or its deletion mutant and His- GSK3β, followed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis for Flag and His. (M) Computational molecular docking predicts multiple direct contact sites between USP11 and GSK3β.

    Techniques Used: Immunoprecipitation, Control, Quantitation Assay, Western Blot, Biomarker Discovery, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, FLAG-tag, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Cotransfection, Dot Blot, Binding Assay, Negative Control, Purification, Membrane, Incubation, Fluorescence, Imaging, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Staining, Generated, Construct, Mutagenesis

    USP11 regulates GSK3β ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and synaptic protein homeostasis in neural cells (A) Western blot analysis of GSK3β ubiquitination in HEK293T cells co-transfected with Flag-vector (control), Flag-USP11 (wild-type, 110 kDa), or Flag-USP11-C318S (catalytically inactive mutant). Endogenous GSK3β and phosphorylated GSK3β at Ser9 were immunoprecipitated from cell lysates using anti-GSK3β antibody, and ubiquitination levels were detected by immunoblotting with anti-ubiquitin antibody. GSK3β: 47 kDa; ubiquitin bands detected as smear. (B) Western blot analysis of GSK3β phosphorylation in three 293T cell groups: wild-type (Ctrl), stable USP11-overexpressing line generated by lentiviral transduction (USP11-OE), and USP11-overexpressing cells subjected to siRNA knockdown (USP11-OE + siUSP11). siUSP11 was transfected to silence USP11 in the stable overexpressing cell line. Whole cell lysates were analyzed for endogenous USP11 (110 kDa), phosphorylated GSK3β at Ser9 (p-GSK3β, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), and GAPDH (35 kDa) as loading control. Representative results from n = 3 biological replicates per group. (C) Gray value quantification of p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β in 293T cells (n = 3, F (2, 6) = 35.38, p = 0.0005). (D) Western blot analysis of USP11 (110 kDa), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR, Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), p-GSK3β (Ser9, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in primary neurons upon USP11 siRNA knockdown (n = 3). (E, F) Gray value quantification of p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β, and p-mTOR/t-mTOR ratios in neurons upon USP11 siRNA knockdown (n = 3, p-GSK3β, p = 0.0213, p-mTOR, p = 0.0047). (G) Immunoblot of USP11 (110 kDa), p-GSK3β (Ser9, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), SYN (77 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in primary neurons infected with adeno-associated virus (AAV) (n = 3). (H, I) Gray value quantification of p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β, and SYN/Tubulin ratios in neurons transduced with vector or AAV-USP11 viruses (n = 3, p-GSK3β, p = 0.0078, SYN, Welch's t -test, p = 0.0031). (J) Representative immunofluorescence of primary neurons transduced with vector or AAV-USP11 viruses, showing DAPI (blue, nuclei), SYN (green, synaptophysin), and USP11 (magenta); merged panels display synapse integrity. Scale bar: 50 μm. (K, L) Quantitative analysis from three independent biological replicates in primary neurons transduced with vector or AAV-USP11 viruses (K) Mean USP11 immunofluorescence intensity (p = 0.0416), (L) Mean SYN immunofluorescence intensity (p = 0.0035). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Determined by t -test (baseline comparisons) or one-way ANOVA (multiple groups) unless otherwise indicated. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: USP11 regulates GSK3β ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and synaptic protein homeostasis in neural cells (A) Western blot analysis of GSK3β ubiquitination in HEK293T cells co-transfected with Flag-vector (control), Flag-USP11 (wild-type, 110 kDa), or Flag-USP11-C318S (catalytically inactive mutant). Endogenous GSK3β and phosphorylated GSK3β at Ser9 were immunoprecipitated from cell lysates using anti-GSK3β antibody, and ubiquitination levels were detected by immunoblotting with anti-ubiquitin antibody. GSK3β: 47 kDa; ubiquitin bands detected as smear. (B) Western blot analysis of GSK3β phosphorylation in three 293T cell groups: wild-type (Ctrl), stable USP11-overexpressing line generated by lentiviral transduction (USP11-OE), and USP11-overexpressing cells subjected to siRNA knockdown (USP11-OE + siUSP11). siUSP11 was transfected to silence USP11 in the stable overexpressing cell line. Whole cell lysates were analyzed for endogenous USP11 (110 kDa), phosphorylated GSK3β at Ser9 (p-GSK3β, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), and GAPDH (35 kDa) as loading control. Representative results from n = 3 biological replicates per group. (C) Gray value quantification of p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β in 293T cells (n = 3, F (2, 6) = 35.38, p = 0.0005). (D) Western blot analysis of USP11 (110 kDa), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR, Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), p-GSK3β (Ser9, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in primary neurons upon USP11 siRNA knockdown (n = 3). (E, F) Gray value quantification of p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β, and p-mTOR/t-mTOR ratios in neurons upon USP11 siRNA knockdown (n = 3, p-GSK3β, p = 0.0213, p-mTOR, p = 0.0047). (G) Immunoblot of USP11 (110 kDa), p-GSK3β (Ser9, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), SYN (77 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in primary neurons infected with adeno-associated virus (AAV) (n = 3). (H, I) Gray value quantification of p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β, and SYN/Tubulin ratios in neurons transduced with vector or AAV-USP11 viruses (n = 3, p-GSK3β, p = 0.0078, SYN, Welch's t -test, p = 0.0031). (J) Representative immunofluorescence of primary neurons transduced with vector or AAV-USP11 viruses, showing DAPI (blue, nuclei), SYN (green, synaptophysin), and USP11 (magenta); merged panels display synapse integrity. Scale bar: 50 μm. (K, L) Quantitative analysis from three independent biological replicates in primary neurons transduced with vector or AAV-USP11 viruses (K) Mean USP11 immunofluorescence intensity (p = 0.0416), (L) Mean SYN immunofluorescence intensity (p = 0.0035). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Determined by t -test (baseline comparisons) or one-way ANOVA (multiple groups) unless otherwise indicated. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

    Techniques Used: Ubiquitin Proteomics, Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Mutagenesis, Immunoprecipitation, Generated, Transduction, Knockdown, Infection, Virus, Immunofluorescence

    USP11 knockout alleviates stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and associated with mTOR Signaling (A) Western blot analysis of USP11 (110 kDa), p-mTOR (Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), p-GSK3β (Ser9, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), PSD95 (95 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mouse mPFC from wild-type (WT) and USP11 knockout (USP11 −/− ) male mice (n = 6, Tubulin as loading control). (B–E) Quantification of baseline protein band intensity in wild-type control (WT-CON) and USP11 knockout control (KO-CON) groups: (B) USP11 (relative to Tubulin, p < 0.0001), (C) p-GSK3β (relative to total GSK3β, p = 0.0072), (D) p-mTOR (relative to total mTOR, p = 0.0028), (E) PSD95 (relative to Tubulin, p = 0.0159). n = 6/group. (F–I) Behavioral results for four groups: WT-CON, KO-CON, WT-CUMS, and KO-CUMS (OFT, distance [cm], F [3, 28] = 8.234, p = 0.0004; OFT, velocity [cm/s], F [3, 28] = 8.233, p = 0.0004; FST, F [3, 28] = 8.721, p = 0.0003; TST, F [3, 29] = 5.378, p = 0.0046). n = 8/group. (J) Western blot analysis of USP11 (110 kDa), p-mTOR (Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), SYN (synaptophysin, 77 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC from all four groups (n = 3). (K-M) Quantification of (K) USP11 (relative to Tubulin, F (3, 8) = 139.5, p < 0.0001), (L) p-mTOR (relative to total mTOR, F (3, 8) = 8.298, p = 0.0077), (M) SYN (relative to Tubulin, F (3, 8) = 8.811, p = 0.0065). n = 3/group. (N) Schematic overview of the experimental design, including a 7-day acclimation period, a 28-day chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure, the rapamycin dosing regimen (3 mg/kg, i.p., three times per week; from day 14 of CUMS until 24 h before tissue collection), and the behavioral test battery in male USP11 −/− mice. (O-R) Behavioral results for three groups in USP11 −/− mice: CON + Veh, CUMS + Veh and CUMS + Rapa. (SPT, F (2, 18) = 7.019, p = 0.0056; OFT, center time [s], F [2, 18] = 8.788, p = 0.0022; OFT, velocity [cm/s], F [2, 18] = 0.09090, p = 0.9135; TST, F [2, 18] = 7.797, p = 0.0036). n = 7/group.) (T) Quantification of p-mTOR (relative to total mTOR, F (2, 6) = 38.49, p = 0.0004) Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Determined by t -test (baseline comparisons) or one-way ANOVA (multiple groups) unless otherwise indicated. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. (S) Representative immunoblots of p-mTOR (Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa) in USP11 −/− mice under the indicated conditions. (n = 3, Tubulin as loading control).
    Figure Legend Snippet: USP11 knockout alleviates stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and associated with mTOR Signaling (A) Western blot analysis of USP11 (110 kDa), p-mTOR (Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), p-GSK3β (Ser9, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), PSD95 (95 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mouse mPFC from wild-type (WT) and USP11 knockout (USP11 −/− ) male mice (n = 6, Tubulin as loading control). (B–E) Quantification of baseline protein band intensity in wild-type control (WT-CON) and USP11 knockout control (KO-CON) groups: (B) USP11 (relative to Tubulin, p < 0.0001), (C) p-GSK3β (relative to total GSK3β, p = 0.0072), (D) p-mTOR (relative to total mTOR, p = 0.0028), (E) PSD95 (relative to Tubulin, p = 0.0159). n = 6/group. (F–I) Behavioral results for four groups: WT-CON, KO-CON, WT-CUMS, and KO-CUMS (OFT, distance [cm], F [3, 28] = 8.234, p = 0.0004; OFT, velocity [cm/s], F [3, 28] = 8.233, p = 0.0004; FST, F [3, 28] = 8.721, p = 0.0003; TST, F [3, 29] = 5.378, p = 0.0046). n = 8/group. (J) Western blot analysis of USP11 (110 kDa), p-mTOR (Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), SYN (synaptophysin, 77 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC from all four groups (n = 3). (K-M) Quantification of (K) USP11 (relative to Tubulin, F (3, 8) = 139.5, p < 0.0001), (L) p-mTOR (relative to total mTOR, F (3, 8) = 8.298, p = 0.0077), (M) SYN (relative to Tubulin, F (3, 8) = 8.811, p = 0.0065). n = 3/group. (N) Schematic overview of the experimental design, including a 7-day acclimation period, a 28-day chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure, the rapamycin dosing regimen (3 mg/kg, i.p., three times per week; from day 14 of CUMS until 24 h before tissue collection), and the behavioral test battery in male USP11 −/− mice. (O-R) Behavioral results for three groups in USP11 −/− mice: CON + Veh, CUMS + Veh and CUMS + Rapa. (SPT, F (2, 18) = 7.019, p = 0.0056; OFT, center time [s], F [2, 18] = 8.788, p = 0.0022; OFT, velocity [cm/s], F [2, 18] = 0.09090, p = 0.9135; TST, F [2, 18] = 7.797, p = 0.0036). n = 7/group.) (T) Quantification of p-mTOR (relative to total mTOR, F (2, 6) = 38.49, p = 0.0004) Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Determined by t -test (baseline comparisons) or one-way ANOVA (multiple groups) unless otherwise indicated. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. (S) Representative immunoblots of p-mTOR (Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa) in USP11 −/− mice under the indicated conditions. (n = 3, Tubulin as loading control).

    Techniques Used: Knock-Out, Western Blot, Control, Battery

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    Article Title: Molecular resilience of neurons to repetitive mechanical compression
    Article Snippet: .. Cells were fixed with 2% PFA and 4% sucrose, permeabilized for 10 min with 0.5% Triton X-100 in DPBS, blocked for 1 h in blocking solution (0.3% Triton X-100 in DPBS with 5% serum), and incubated o/n at 4 °C in antibody solution (0.2% Triton X-100 in DPBS with 3% serum) containing the primary antibodies diluted as follows: TUBBIII (Sigma-Aldrich, #T8578, 1:500), acetylated α-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich, #T7451, 1:400), tyrosinated α-tubulin (Abcam, #ab6160, 1:400), α-tubulin (Cell Signaling, #9661, 1:400), aCasp3 (Cell Signaling, #9661), phospho-GSK3β Ser9 (Invitrogen # MA514873 ) and GSK3β (Cell Signalling, #9832). .. The cells were then incubated for 1 h with secondary antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific, #A11029, #A21244, #A11006, #R6393, #A11011, 1:500) and Hoechst 33342 (Invitrogen, #H3570, 1:500).

    Article Title: NR3C1 Modulates Wnt Signalling to Influence the Invasiveness and Immune Features of Nonfunctioning Invasive Pituitary Adenomas.
    Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked with 5% non- fat milk in TBST (Beyotime, P0231) for 1 h at room temperature, followed 15824934, 2026, 7, D ow nloaded from https://onlinelibrary.w iley.com /doi/10.1111/jcm m .71097 by loki revolution - U niversity Federal D e Sao Paulo , W iley O nline L ibrary on [01/04/2026]. .. See the T erm s and C onditions (https://onlinelibrary.w iley.com /term s-and-conditions) on W iley O nline L ibrary for rules of use; O A articles are governed by the applicable C reative C om m ons L icense 5 of 20Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2026 by incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C: GR/ NR3C1 (Cell Signalling Technology, CST, #3660, rabbit monoclonal, 1:1000), phospho- GR- Ser211 (CST, #4161, rabbit monoclonal, 1:1000), β- catenin (CST, #8480, rabbit monoclonal, 1:1000), GSK3β (CST, #9315, rabbit monoclonal, 1:1000), MMP- 9 (CST, #13667, rabbit monoclonal, 1:1000), E- cadherin (CST, #3195, rabbit monoclonal, 1:1000), N- cadherin (CST, #13116, rabbit monoclonal, 1:1000), β- actin (Abcam, ab8226, mouse monoclonal, 1:5000) and Lamin B1 (Abcam, ab133741, rabbit monoclonal, 1:5000). .. The next day, membranes were washed three times with TBST for 10 min each and incubated with HRPconjugated secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature (goat anti- rabbit IgG, CST, #7074, 1:5000; goat anti- mouse IgG, CST, #7076, 1:5000).

    Bioprocessing:

    Article Title: Co-Exposure to Bisphenol A and a High-Fat Diet Induces Insulin Resistance via Suppression of Insulin Signaling Molecule Expression and GLUT4 Translocation.
    Article Snippet: .. Proteins were incubated with monoclonal antibodies to AKT (CST, Beverly, MA, USA, 4685, 1:1000), p-AKTSer473 (CST, Beverly, MA, USA, 4060, 1:1000), p-AKTThr308 (CST, Beverly, MA, USA, 13038, 1:1000), Rab8A (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, ab188674, 1:1000), Rab13 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, SAB4200057, 1:1000), Syntaxin4 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, ab184545, 1:1000), VAMP2 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, ab181869, 1:5000), GLUT4 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, ab33780, 1:1000), GSK3β (CST, Beverly, MA, USA, 12456, 1:1000), pGSK3βSer9 (CST, Beverly, MA, USA, 9322, 1:1000), and GAPDH (Abcam, Cambridge, UK, ab8245, 1:1000),and subsequently incubated with horseradish https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics14020146 peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies. .. Bands were developed, and band density was analyzed with ImageJ 1.46r(USA National Institutes of Health).



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    Image Search Results


    Chronic unpredictable mild stress promotes depression-like behaviors and upregulates USP11 in mouse prefrontal cortex. (A) Schematic overview of the experimental timeline: male C57BL/6J mice underwent 1-week adaptation, followed by 4 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and subsequent behavioral tests. (B-E) SPT, OFT, FST, TST results in control (Ctrl) and CUMS groups (n = 8, SPT, Welch's t -test, p = 0.0204; OFT, p = 0.0101; FST, p = 0.0020; TST, p = 0.0078). (F) Western blot of p-mTOR (Ser2448) (289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), p-GSK3β(Ser9) (47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC tissue (n = 6). (G) Quantification of p-mTOR/t-mTOR and p-GSK-3β/t-GSK-3β ratios (p-mTOR, Welch's t -test, Pp= 0.0023; p-GSK-3β, p = 0.0075). (H) Western blot of USP11 (110 kDa) and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC (n = 6). (I) Quantification of USP11 protein normalized to Tubulin (p = 0.002). (J) Representative immunofluorescence images for DAPI (blue, nuclear stain), USP11 (red), and merged panels in mPFC of control and CUMS mice. Scale bar: 50 μm. (K) Mean USP11 immunofluorescence intensity quantification (n = 3, p = 0.0142). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis used two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test unless otherwise indicated. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

    Journal: Neurobiology of Stress

    Article Title: USP11 drives stress-induced synaptic structural deficits and depression-like behaviors through GSK3β/mTOR signaling

    doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2026.100791

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Chronic unpredictable mild stress promotes depression-like behaviors and upregulates USP11 in mouse prefrontal cortex. (A) Schematic overview of the experimental timeline: male C57BL/6J mice underwent 1-week adaptation, followed by 4 weeks of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and subsequent behavioral tests. (B-E) SPT, OFT, FST, TST results in control (Ctrl) and CUMS groups (n = 8, SPT, Welch's t -test, p = 0.0204; OFT, p = 0.0101; FST, p = 0.0020; TST, p = 0.0078). (F) Western blot of p-mTOR (Ser2448) (289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), p-GSK3β(Ser9) (47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC tissue (n = 6). (G) Quantification of p-mTOR/t-mTOR and p-GSK-3β/t-GSK-3β ratios (p-mTOR, Welch's t -test, Pp= 0.0023; p-GSK-3β, p = 0.0075). (H) Western blot of USP11 (110 kDa) and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC (n = 6). (I) Quantification of USP11 protein normalized to Tubulin (p = 0.002). (J) Representative immunofluorescence images for DAPI (blue, nuclear stain), USP11 (red), and merged panels in mPFC of control and CUMS mice. Scale bar: 50 μm. (K) Mean USP11 immunofluorescence intensity quantification (n = 3, p = 0.0142). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis used two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test unless otherwise indicated. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: For protein-binding evaluation, membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with GSK3β protein solution, and incubated with primary antibody against GSK3β (1:500, CST) overnight at 4 °C.

    Techniques: Control, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Two Tailed Test

    USP11 directly interacts with GSK3β. (A) Volcano plot of proteins detected after USP11 immunoprecipitation from mouse mPFC. Log2 fold change (x-axis) shows enrichment versus control; log2 intensity (y-axis) reflects normalized quantitation in experimental samples. USP11 served as bait; GSK3β is highlighted as an interactor (log2 intensity USP11 = 22.9, log2FC = 2.38). (B) Immunoprecipitation (IP) with anti-USP11 antibody, immunoblot (IB) detection for USP11 (110 kDa) and GSK3β (47 kDa). IP with anti-GSK3β or anti-USP11 antibody. Input: whole lysate; IgG: isotype control. (C) Validation in HEK293T transfection system: lysates of vector control or Flag-USP11 transfected cells (Flag tag, 110 kDa) subjected to IP (anti-GSK3β), IB for anti-USP11. (D) Cell lysate analysis of HEK293T single His-GSK3β, single Flag-USP11, or co-transfected groups, immunoblotted for His-GSK3β (47 kDa) and Flag-USP11 (110 kDa). (E, F) Reciprocal Co-IP verification from HEK293T co-transfection. Immunoblot analysis for His and Flag tag in His-GSK3β, Flag-USP11, and co-transfected samples. (E) Lane 1: His-GSK3β group (IP-His), Lane 2: Flag-USP11 group (IP-Flag), Lane 3: Co-transfection (IP- His) (F) Lane 1: His -GSK3β group (IP- His), Lane 2: Flag-USP11 group (IP-Flag), Lane 3: Co-transfection (IP-Flag). (G) Dot blot analysis showing specific binding between USP11 and GSK3β. BSA (100/200/500 ng) served as negative control, and purified USP11 (100/200/500 ng) was spotted on the same nitrocellulose membrane. After incubation with GSK3β protein solution, binding was detected by fluorescence imaging. (H) Immunofluorescence analysis of co-localization: Exogenous expression in HEK293T cells demonstrates USP11 (red) and GSK3β (green); endogenous expression verified in primary neurons. Nuclei stained with DAPI (blue), scale bar = 25 μm. (I) Fluorescence intensity profiles along linear ROIs: Gray values of USP11 (red) and GSK3β (green) measured with ImageJ. Dual-channel curves plotted in GraphPad Prism using exported data. (J) Pearson's correlation scatter plots for USP11(red) and GSK3β(green) fluorescence, generated using ScatterJ plugin for ImageJ. Pearson's r value shown. (K) Schematic of Flag-tagged USP11 fragment constructs used for pulldown mapping. (L) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with Flag-USP11 or its deletion mutant and His- GSK3β, followed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis for Flag and His. (M) Computational molecular docking predicts multiple direct contact sites between USP11 and GSK3β.

    Journal: Neurobiology of Stress

    Article Title: USP11 drives stress-induced synaptic structural deficits and depression-like behaviors through GSK3β/mTOR signaling

    doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2026.100791

    Figure Lengend Snippet: USP11 directly interacts with GSK3β. (A) Volcano plot of proteins detected after USP11 immunoprecipitation from mouse mPFC. Log2 fold change (x-axis) shows enrichment versus control; log2 intensity (y-axis) reflects normalized quantitation in experimental samples. USP11 served as bait; GSK3β is highlighted as an interactor (log2 intensity USP11 = 22.9, log2FC = 2.38). (B) Immunoprecipitation (IP) with anti-USP11 antibody, immunoblot (IB) detection for USP11 (110 kDa) and GSK3β (47 kDa). IP with anti-GSK3β or anti-USP11 antibody. Input: whole lysate; IgG: isotype control. (C) Validation in HEK293T transfection system: lysates of vector control or Flag-USP11 transfected cells (Flag tag, 110 kDa) subjected to IP (anti-GSK3β), IB for anti-USP11. (D) Cell lysate analysis of HEK293T single His-GSK3β, single Flag-USP11, or co-transfected groups, immunoblotted for His-GSK3β (47 kDa) and Flag-USP11 (110 kDa). (E, F) Reciprocal Co-IP verification from HEK293T co-transfection. Immunoblot analysis for His and Flag tag in His-GSK3β, Flag-USP11, and co-transfected samples. (E) Lane 1: His-GSK3β group (IP-His), Lane 2: Flag-USP11 group (IP-Flag), Lane 3: Co-transfection (IP- His) (F) Lane 1: His -GSK3β group (IP- His), Lane 2: Flag-USP11 group (IP-Flag), Lane 3: Co-transfection (IP-Flag). (G) Dot blot analysis showing specific binding between USP11 and GSK3β. BSA (100/200/500 ng) served as negative control, and purified USP11 (100/200/500 ng) was spotted on the same nitrocellulose membrane. After incubation with GSK3β protein solution, binding was detected by fluorescence imaging. (H) Immunofluorescence analysis of co-localization: Exogenous expression in HEK293T cells demonstrates USP11 (red) and GSK3β (green); endogenous expression verified in primary neurons. Nuclei stained with DAPI (blue), scale bar = 25 μm. (I) Fluorescence intensity profiles along linear ROIs: Gray values of USP11 (red) and GSK3β (green) measured with ImageJ. Dual-channel curves plotted in GraphPad Prism using exported data. (J) Pearson's correlation scatter plots for USP11(red) and GSK3β(green) fluorescence, generated using ScatterJ plugin for ImageJ. Pearson's r value shown. (K) Schematic of Flag-tagged USP11 fragment constructs used for pulldown mapping. (L) HEK293T cells were co-transfected with Flag-USP11 or its deletion mutant and His- GSK3β, followed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis for Flag and His. (M) Computational molecular docking predicts multiple direct contact sites between USP11 and GSK3β.

    Article Snippet: For protein-binding evaluation, membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with GSK3β protein solution, and incubated with primary antibody against GSK3β (1:500, CST) overnight at 4 °C.

    Techniques: Immunoprecipitation, Control, Quantitation Assay, Western Blot, Biomarker Discovery, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, FLAG-tag, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Cotransfection, Dot Blot, Binding Assay, Negative Control, Purification, Membrane, Incubation, Fluorescence, Imaging, Immunofluorescence, Expressing, Staining, Generated, Construct, Mutagenesis

    USP11 regulates GSK3β ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and synaptic protein homeostasis in neural cells (A) Western blot analysis of GSK3β ubiquitination in HEK293T cells co-transfected with Flag-vector (control), Flag-USP11 (wild-type, 110 kDa), or Flag-USP11-C318S (catalytically inactive mutant). Endogenous GSK3β and phosphorylated GSK3β at Ser9 were immunoprecipitated from cell lysates using anti-GSK3β antibody, and ubiquitination levels were detected by immunoblotting with anti-ubiquitin antibody. GSK3β: 47 kDa; ubiquitin bands detected as smear. (B) Western blot analysis of GSK3β phosphorylation in three 293T cell groups: wild-type (Ctrl), stable USP11-overexpressing line generated by lentiviral transduction (USP11-OE), and USP11-overexpressing cells subjected to siRNA knockdown (USP11-OE + siUSP11). siUSP11 was transfected to silence USP11 in the stable overexpressing cell line. Whole cell lysates were analyzed for endogenous USP11 (110 kDa), phosphorylated GSK3β at Ser9 (p-GSK3β, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), and GAPDH (35 kDa) as loading control. Representative results from n = 3 biological replicates per group. (C) Gray value quantification of p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β in 293T cells (n = 3, F (2, 6) = 35.38, p = 0.0005). (D) Western blot analysis of USP11 (110 kDa), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR, Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), p-GSK3β (Ser9, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in primary neurons upon USP11 siRNA knockdown (n = 3). (E, F) Gray value quantification of p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β, and p-mTOR/t-mTOR ratios in neurons upon USP11 siRNA knockdown (n = 3, p-GSK3β, p = 0.0213, p-mTOR, p = 0.0047). (G) Immunoblot of USP11 (110 kDa), p-GSK3β (Ser9, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), SYN (77 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in primary neurons infected with adeno-associated virus (AAV) (n = 3). (H, I) Gray value quantification of p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β, and SYN/Tubulin ratios in neurons transduced with vector or AAV-USP11 viruses (n = 3, p-GSK3β, p = 0.0078, SYN, Welch's t -test, p = 0.0031). (J) Representative immunofluorescence of primary neurons transduced with vector or AAV-USP11 viruses, showing DAPI (blue, nuclei), SYN (green, synaptophysin), and USP11 (magenta); merged panels display synapse integrity. Scale bar: 50 μm. (K, L) Quantitative analysis from three independent biological replicates in primary neurons transduced with vector or AAV-USP11 viruses (K) Mean USP11 immunofluorescence intensity (p = 0.0416), (L) Mean SYN immunofluorescence intensity (p = 0.0035). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Determined by t -test (baseline comparisons) or one-way ANOVA (multiple groups) unless otherwise indicated. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

    Journal: Neurobiology of Stress

    Article Title: USP11 drives stress-induced synaptic structural deficits and depression-like behaviors through GSK3β/mTOR signaling

    doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2026.100791

    Figure Lengend Snippet: USP11 regulates GSK3β ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and synaptic protein homeostasis in neural cells (A) Western blot analysis of GSK3β ubiquitination in HEK293T cells co-transfected with Flag-vector (control), Flag-USP11 (wild-type, 110 kDa), or Flag-USP11-C318S (catalytically inactive mutant). Endogenous GSK3β and phosphorylated GSK3β at Ser9 were immunoprecipitated from cell lysates using anti-GSK3β antibody, and ubiquitination levels were detected by immunoblotting with anti-ubiquitin antibody. GSK3β: 47 kDa; ubiquitin bands detected as smear. (B) Western blot analysis of GSK3β phosphorylation in three 293T cell groups: wild-type (Ctrl), stable USP11-overexpressing line generated by lentiviral transduction (USP11-OE), and USP11-overexpressing cells subjected to siRNA knockdown (USP11-OE + siUSP11). siUSP11 was transfected to silence USP11 in the stable overexpressing cell line. Whole cell lysates were analyzed for endogenous USP11 (110 kDa), phosphorylated GSK3β at Ser9 (p-GSK3β, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), and GAPDH (35 kDa) as loading control. Representative results from n = 3 biological replicates per group. (C) Gray value quantification of p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β in 293T cells (n = 3, F (2, 6) = 35.38, p = 0.0005). (D) Western blot analysis of USP11 (110 kDa), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR, Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), p-GSK3β (Ser9, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in primary neurons upon USP11 siRNA knockdown (n = 3). (E, F) Gray value quantification of p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β, and p-mTOR/t-mTOR ratios in neurons upon USP11 siRNA knockdown (n = 3, p-GSK3β, p = 0.0213, p-mTOR, p = 0.0047). (G) Immunoblot of USP11 (110 kDa), p-GSK3β (Ser9, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), SYN (77 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in primary neurons infected with adeno-associated virus (AAV) (n = 3). (H, I) Gray value quantification of p-GSK3β/t-GSK3β, and SYN/Tubulin ratios in neurons transduced with vector or AAV-USP11 viruses (n = 3, p-GSK3β, p = 0.0078, SYN, Welch's t -test, p = 0.0031). (J) Representative immunofluorescence of primary neurons transduced with vector or AAV-USP11 viruses, showing DAPI (blue, nuclei), SYN (green, synaptophysin), and USP11 (magenta); merged panels display synapse integrity. Scale bar: 50 μm. (K, L) Quantitative analysis from three independent biological replicates in primary neurons transduced with vector or AAV-USP11 viruses (K) Mean USP11 immunofluorescence intensity (p = 0.0416), (L) Mean SYN immunofluorescence intensity (p = 0.0035). Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Determined by t -test (baseline comparisons) or one-way ANOVA (multiple groups) unless otherwise indicated. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: For protein-binding evaluation, membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with GSK3β protein solution, and incubated with primary antibody against GSK3β (1:500, CST) overnight at 4 °C.

    Techniques: Ubiquitin Proteomics, Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Control, Mutagenesis, Immunoprecipitation, Generated, Transduction, Knockdown, Infection, Virus, Immunofluorescence

    USP11 knockout alleviates stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and associated with mTOR Signaling (A) Western blot analysis of USP11 (110 kDa), p-mTOR (Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), p-GSK3β (Ser9, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), PSD95 (95 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mouse mPFC from wild-type (WT) and USP11 knockout (USP11 −/− ) male mice (n = 6, Tubulin as loading control). (B–E) Quantification of baseline protein band intensity in wild-type control (WT-CON) and USP11 knockout control (KO-CON) groups: (B) USP11 (relative to Tubulin, p < 0.0001), (C) p-GSK3β (relative to total GSK3β, p = 0.0072), (D) p-mTOR (relative to total mTOR, p = 0.0028), (E) PSD95 (relative to Tubulin, p = 0.0159). n = 6/group. (F–I) Behavioral results for four groups: WT-CON, KO-CON, WT-CUMS, and KO-CUMS (OFT, distance [cm], F [3, 28] = 8.234, p = 0.0004; OFT, velocity [cm/s], F [3, 28] = 8.233, p = 0.0004; FST, F [3, 28] = 8.721, p = 0.0003; TST, F [3, 29] = 5.378, p = 0.0046). n = 8/group. (J) Western blot analysis of USP11 (110 kDa), p-mTOR (Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), SYN (synaptophysin, 77 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC from all four groups (n = 3). (K-M) Quantification of (K) USP11 (relative to Tubulin, F (3, 8) = 139.5, p < 0.0001), (L) p-mTOR (relative to total mTOR, F (3, 8) = 8.298, p = 0.0077), (M) SYN (relative to Tubulin, F (3, 8) = 8.811, p = 0.0065). n = 3/group. (N) Schematic overview of the experimental design, including a 7-day acclimation period, a 28-day chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure, the rapamycin dosing regimen (3 mg/kg, i.p., three times per week; from day 14 of CUMS until 24 h before tissue collection), and the behavioral test battery in male USP11 −/− mice. (O-R) Behavioral results for three groups in USP11 −/− mice: CON + Veh, CUMS + Veh and CUMS + Rapa. (SPT, F (2, 18) = 7.019, p = 0.0056; OFT, center time [s], F [2, 18] = 8.788, p = 0.0022; OFT, velocity [cm/s], F [2, 18] = 0.09090, p = 0.9135; TST, F [2, 18] = 7.797, p = 0.0036). n = 7/group.) (T) Quantification of p-mTOR (relative to total mTOR, F (2, 6) = 38.49, p = 0.0004) Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Determined by t -test (baseline comparisons) or one-way ANOVA (multiple groups) unless otherwise indicated. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. (S) Representative immunoblots of p-mTOR (Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa) in USP11 −/− mice under the indicated conditions. (n = 3, Tubulin as loading control).

    Journal: Neurobiology of Stress

    Article Title: USP11 drives stress-induced synaptic structural deficits and depression-like behaviors through GSK3β/mTOR signaling

    doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2026.100791

    Figure Lengend Snippet: USP11 knockout alleviates stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and associated with mTOR Signaling (A) Western blot analysis of USP11 (110 kDa), p-mTOR (Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), p-GSK3β (Ser9, 47 kDa), total GSK3β (47 kDa), PSD95 (95 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mouse mPFC from wild-type (WT) and USP11 knockout (USP11 −/− ) male mice (n = 6, Tubulin as loading control). (B–E) Quantification of baseline protein band intensity in wild-type control (WT-CON) and USP11 knockout control (KO-CON) groups: (B) USP11 (relative to Tubulin, p < 0.0001), (C) p-GSK3β (relative to total GSK3β, p = 0.0072), (D) p-mTOR (relative to total mTOR, p = 0.0028), (E) PSD95 (relative to Tubulin, p = 0.0159). n = 6/group. (F–I) Behavioral results for four groups: WT-CON, KO-CON, WT-CUMS, and KO-CUMS (OFT, distance [cm], F [3, 28] = 8.234, p = 0.0004; OFT, velocity [cm/s], F [3, 28] = 8.233, p = 0.0004; FST, F [3, 28] = 8.721, p = 0.0003; TST, F [3, 29] = 5.378, p = 0.0046). n = 8/group. (J) Western blot analysis of USP11 (110 kDa), p-mTOR (Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa), SYN (synaptophysin, 77 kDa), and Tubulin (55 kDa) in mPFC from all four groups (n = 3). (K-M) Quantification of (K) USP11 (relative to Tubulin, F (3, 8) = 139.5, p < 0.0001), (L) p-mTOR (relative to total mTOR, F (3, 8) = 8.298, p = 0.0077), (M) SYN (relative to Tubulin, F (3, 8) = 8.811, p = 0.0065). n = 3/group. (N) Schematic overview of the experimental design, including a 7-day acclimation period, a 28-day chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure, the rapamycin dosing regimen (3 mg/kg, i.p., three times per week; from day 14 of CUMS until 24 h before tissue collection), and the behavioral test battery in male USP11 −/− mice. (O-R) Behavioral results for three groups in USP11 −/− mice: CON + Veh, CUMS + Veh and CUMS + Rapa. (SPT, F (2, 18) = 7.019, p = 0.0056; OFT, center time [s], F [2, 18] = 8.788, p = 0.0022; OFT, velocity [cm/s], F [2, 18] = 0.09090, p = 0.9135; TST, F [2, 18] = 7.797, p = 0.0036). n = 7/group.) (T) Quantification of p-mTOR (relative to total mTOR, F (2, 6) = 38.49, p = 0.0004) Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Determined by t -test (baseline comparisons) or one-way ANOVA (multiple groups) unless otherwise indicated. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. (S) Representative immunoblots of p-mTOR (Ser2448, 289 kDa), total mTOR (289 kDa) in USP11 −/− mice under the indicated conditions. (n = 3, Tubulin as loading control).

    Article Snippet: For protein-binding evaluation, membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with GSK3β protein solution, and incubated with primary antibody against GSK3β (1:500, CST) overnight at 4 °C.

    Techniques: Knock-Out, Western Blot, Control, Battery

    A. Western Blot analysis of P-GSK3β (S9), GSK3β, P-C-MYC T58, C-MYC & β-ACTIN in untreated control as well as MK-1775 (0.5μM & 1μM) treated OE33, SK-GT4 & OE19 cell lines. B. Western Blot analysis of P-GSK3β (S9), GSK3β, P-C-MYC T58, C-MYC & β-ACTIN in control siRNA and WEE1 siRNA treated OE33, SK-GT4 & OE19 cell lines. C. PLA to visualize C-MYC and GSK3β interaction (red spots) in untreated Control & MK-1775 treated OE19, OE33, and SK-GT4 cell lines. Captured at 40X magnification. D. Western blot analysis of WEE1, P-CDC2 Y15, C-MYC, P-GSK3β (S9), GSK3β, and β-ACTIN in empty vector as well as WEE1-CDS vector transfected OE33, SK-GT4, and OE19 cell lines. E. Western blot analysis of WEE1, P-CDC2 Y15, CDC2, C-MYC, and β-ACTIN in empty vector, WEE1-CDS-WT, and WEE1-CDS-K328A kinase dead mutant vector transfected SK-GT4 cells.

    Journal: Cancer letters

    Article Title: WEE1 Stabilizes MYC to Promote Therapeutic Resistance in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

    doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2026.218418

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Western Blot analysis of P-GSK3β (S9), GSK3β, P-C-MYC T58, C-MYC & β-ACTIN in untreated control as well as MK-1775 (0.5μM & 1μM) treated OE33, SK-GT4 & OE19 cell lines. B. Western Blot analysis of P-GSK3β (S9), GSK3β, P-C-MYC T58, C-MYC & β-ACTIN in control siRNA and WEE1 siRNA treated OE33, SK-GT4 & OE19 cell lines. C. PLA to visualize C-MYC and GSK3β interaction (red spots) in untreated Control & MK-1775 treated OE19, OE33, and SK-GT4 cell lines. Captured at 40X magnification. D. Western blot analysis of WEE1, P-CDC2 Y15, C-MYC, P-GSK3β (S9), GSK3β, and β-ACTIN in empty vector as well as WEE1-CDS vector transfected OE33, SK-GT4, and OE19 cell lines. E. Western blot analysis of WEE1, P-CDC2 Y15, CDC2, C-MYC, and β-ACTIN in empty vector, WEE1-CDS-WT, and WEE1-CDS-K328A kinase dead mutant vector transfected SK-GT4 cells.

    Article Snippet: C-MYC, p-C-MYC T58, P-GSK3β S9, GSK3β, PARP, CL-PARP, Caspase 3, Cl-Caspase 3, HA tag, CD133, SOX9, SOX2, CD44, OCT4, Nanog and Ki-67 antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers, MA).

    Techniques: Inhibition, Knockdown, Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Control, Plasmid Preparation, Transfection, Mutagenesis

    A. Western Blot analysis of P-GSK3β (S9), GSK3β, P-C-MYC T58, C-MYC & β-ACTIN in untreated control as well as MK-1775 (0.5μM & 1μM) treated OE33, SK-GT4 & OE19 cell lines. B. Western Blot analysis of P-GSK3β (S9), GSK3β, P-C-MYC T58, C-MYC & β-ACTIN in control siRNA and WEE1 siRNA treated OE33, SK-GT4 & OE19 cell lines. C. PLA to visualize C-MYC and GSK3β interaction (red spots) in untreated Control & MK-1775 treated OE19, OE33, and SK-GT4 cell lines. Captured at 40X magnification. D. Western blot analysis of WEE1, P-CDC2 Y15, C-MYC, P-GSK3β (S9), GSK3β, and β-ACTIN in empty vector as well as WEE1-CDS vector transfected OE33, SK-GT4, and OE19 cell lines. E. Western blot analysis of WEE1, P-CDC2 Y15, CDC2, C-MYC, and β-ACTIN in empty vector, WEE1-CDS-WT, and WEE1-CDS-K328A kinase dead mutant vector transfected SK-GT4 cells.

    Journal: Cancer letters

    Article Title: WEE1 Stabilizes MYC to Promote Therapeutic Resistance in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

    doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2026.218418

    Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Western Blot analysis of P-GSK3β (S9), GSK3β, P-C-MYC T58, C-MYC & β-ACTIN in untreated control as well as MK-1775 (0.5μM & 1μM) treated OE33, SK-GT4 & OE19 cell lines. B. Western Blot analysis of P-GSK3β (S9), GSK3β, P-C-MYC T58, C-MYC & β-ACTIN in control siRNA and WEE1 siRNA treated OE33, SK-GT4 & OE19 cell lines. C. PLA to visualize C-MYC and GSK3β interaction (red spots) in untreated Control & MK-1775 treated OE19, OE33, and SK-GT4 cell lines. Captured at 40X magnification. D. Western blot analysis of WEE1, P-CDC2 Y15, C-MYC, P-GSK3β (S9), GSK3β, and β-ACTIN in empty vector as well as WEE1-CDS vector transfected OE33, SK-GT4, and OE19 cell lines. E. Western blot analysis of WEE1, P-CDC2 Y15, CDC2, C-MYC, and β-ACTIN in empty vector, WEE1-CDS-WT, and WEE1-CDS-K328A kinase dead mutant vector transfected SK-GT4 cells.

    Article Snippet: C-MYC, p-C-MYC T58, P-GSK3β S9, GSK3β, PARP, CL-PARP, Caspase 3, Cl-Caspase 3, HA tag, CD133, SOX9, SOX2, CD44, OCT4, Nanog and Ki-67 antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technologies (Danvers, MA).

    Techniques: Inhibition, Knockdown, Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Control, Plasmid Preparation, Transfection, Mutagenesis